Uplift -- A structurally high area in the crust, produced by movements that raise the rocks, as in a broad dome or arch. Canyon -- A stream-cut chasm or gorge, the sides of which are composed of cliffs or a series of cliffs rising from its bed. Glossary of soil terms Absorption: Uptake of matter or energy by a substance Acid soil: Soil with a pH value less than 7.0. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Suevite -- A grayish or yellowish breccia that is associated with meteorite impact craters and that contains both shock-metamorphosed rock fragments and glassy inclusions that occur typically as aerodynamically-shaped bombs. Its occurrence provides a criterion for meteorite impact. Highlighted terms in our online content are linked to definitions to assist in the comprehension of the information provided within the text. The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Glossary of Structural Geology Terms - Ministry of Education The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. Stress -- In a solid, the force per unit area, acting on any surface within it, and variously expressed as pounds or tons per square inch, or dynes or kilograms per square centimeter. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. It has been used for making arrowheads, jewelery, and art objects. You can search for an entry using this form: Glossary of geology terms. Its color and composition vary widely; it contains a higher percentage of water than obsidian. Acidification: Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH < 7) because acid parent material is present or in regions with high rainfall, where soil leaching occurs. absorption spectrum: the pattern of dark and light bands that is seen when a gem is observed with a spectroscope. They range in size from simple unicelluar forms to giant kelps several meters long, and display extremely varied life cycles and physiological processes, with, for example, different complexes of photosynthetic pigments. FUNDAMENTALS eBOOK Dictionary of Geological Terms - Only $18.99. Sedimentary -- Pertaining to or containing sediment, or formed by its deposition. Microscope -- An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye. Fault plane -- A fault surface that is more or less planar. Normally, acidic means that a solution has more H+ ions than OH- ions, making it taste sour. For other terms related to the Earth sciences, see Glossary of geography terms. Iron -- A heavy magnetic malleable and ductile chemically active mineral, the native metallic element Fe. The definitions are largely based on input from: • ISRM Terminology (1975) • Handbook in Engineering geology and rock mechanics, issued by the Norwegian Rock Mechanics Group (NBG), (2000); The term is often applied generically to all acidic precipitation. Meteorite -- Any solid object from interplanetary space that has fallen to the Earth's surface without being vaporized by frictional heating during its passage through the atmosphere; a stony or metallic object large enough to reach the ground. Here is a glossary of Geological terms. Biology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions. As collections management throughout the USGS expands, this list of terms will grow and definitions may change. Tectonics -- A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the Earth, that is, the major structural or deformational features and their relations, origin, and historical evolution. The CJKI Glossary of Geology Terms, compiled by The CJK Dictionary Institute (CJKI) in Japan, is a comprehensive resource of Chinese equivalents for English Geology terminology, which provides translators with access to approximately 62,540 terms and their equivalents. Tektite -- A rounded pitted jet-black to greenish or yellowish body of silicate glass of non-volcanic origin, usually walnut-sized, found in groups in several widely separated areas of the Earth's surface. It is, next to feldspar, the most common mineral, occuring either in transparent hexagonal crystals or in crystalline or cryptocrystalline masses. A group of plant or animal associations that exist together because of closely similar life patterns, habits, and climate requirements. 5. Most glasses are supercooled liquids, i.e., metastable, but there is no break in the change in properties between the metastable and stable states. Please see the Updates section for more information on any revisions. Additionally, it is nostalgic for me, since in those days I was beginning my education as a geologist, and the presence of the “Glossary” was a source of comfort and amusement at the same time. Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. in clays) in distinct, transparent monoclinic crystals or in large crystalline masses that easily cleave into broad folia. Shale-- A fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock, formed by the compaction of clay, silt, or mud. Algae -- Photosynthetic, almost exclusively aquatic plants of a large and diverse group, including seaweeds and their fresh-water allies. The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. A common vocabulary with clear definitions promotes effective communication. Available for both individual and institutional licensing, the online glossary is searchable using terms, words within terms or definitions, and categories. It is often sufficiently buoyant to float on water and is economically useful as a lightweight aggregate and as an abrasive. Said of an ore deposit formed adjacent to a volcanic feature to which it is genetically related and from which its constituents have been derived. stream Updated November 2019 . Glossary of Structural Geology Terms - Ministry of Education This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Bedrock - The solid layer of rock under the loose surface (soil, clay, gravel, sand) of the Earth. The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. Glass -- A state of matter intermediate between the close-packed, highly ordered array of a crystal, and the poorly-packed, highly disordered array of a gas. Fracture -- A crack, joint, or other break in rocks. Polymictic -- Said of a clastic sedimentary rock composed of many rock types, e.g. Massif -- A massive topographic and structural feature, especially in an orogenic belt, commonly formed of rocks more rigid than those of its surroundings. AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. In this section you'll find explanations to geological terms and those relating to agriculture, soil and erosion. <>>> Glossary of Geology, Fifth Edition (revised) AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. from a magma; also, applied to processes related to the formation of such rocks. Crust -- The outermost layer of the Eart; that part of the Earth above the Mohorovicic discontinuity, made up of sial , or of sial and sima . This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised The Glossary below is the most recent version as of September 10, 2019. It is closely related to structural geology, but tectonics generally deals with larger features. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. updating this glossary. Glossary of geology terms: | This page is a |glossary of geology|. See also the rock and soil classification table and the periodic table of elements. Bedrock - The solid layer of rock under the loose surface (soil, clay, gravel, sand) of the Earth. Burial: covering over of sediment by more and more layers, leading to compaction and … Acidification: Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH < 7) because acid parent material is present or in regions with high rainfall, where soil leaching occurs. The coloured words are explained elsewhere in this glossary. Clay -- 1) A detrital mineral particle of any composition having a diameter less than 1/256 millimeter (4 microns). GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS * Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. Strain -- Change in the shape or volume of a body as a result of stress; a change of the relative configuration of the particles of a substance. 4. Quartz -- Crystalline silica, an important rock-forming mineral, SiO 2 . Found in impact craters and associated structures. Historical Geology is the study of Earth history and the evolution of life on earth - especially the past life forms that are preserved as fossils. This page lists the latest 50 glossary entries. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Matrix -- The finer-grained material enclosing the larger grains in a sediment or sedimentary rock. Jackson (Eds. Glossary Of Geology free download - Geology, Awesome Geology from Space Screen Saver, Glossary, and many more programs It is crossed by many distributaries, and results from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river. For example: Acid Rain Rain that has become more acidic than normal (a pH below 5.0) as certain oxides present as airborne pollutants are absorbed by the water droplets. It represents less than 0.1% of the Earth's total volume. A common vocabulary with clear definitions promotes effective communication. Impact melt breccia -- A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix of crystallized impact melt that is diagnostic from an impact event. Alluvial Fan -- An outspread, gently sloping mass of alluvium deposited by a stream in an arid or semi-arid region where a stream issues from a narrow canyon onto a plain or valley floor. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. This page lists the latest 50 glossary entries. PhysicalGeography.net | GLOSSARY OF TERMS HOME. ALPHABETICAL GLOSSARY OF GEOMORPHOLOGY Version 1.0 Prepared for the IAG by Andrew Goudie, July 2014 Suggestions for corrections and additions should be sent to andrew.goudie@stx.ox.ac.uk Abime A vertical shaft in karstic (limestone) areas Ablation The wasting and removal of material from a rock surface by weathering and Calcite -- A common rock-forming mineral, CaCO 3 . Permission was granted (letters dated 9/11/85 and 9/22/93) to the USDA-Natural Resource 2 0 obj Here is a glossary of Geological terms. It occurs as crystalline quartz, cryptocrystalline chalcedony, and amorphous opal; dominantly in sand, diatomite, and chert; and combined in silicates as an essential constituent of many minerals. GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS *. Gravel -- 1) An unconsolidated natural accumulation of rounded rock fragments, mostly of particles larger than sand (diameter greater than 2 millimeters), such as boulders, cobbles, pebbles, granules, or any combination of these; the unconsolidated equivalent of a conglomerate. A * Abyssal plain - Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. Asteroid -- One of the many small celestial bodies in orbit around the sun. As with any scientific discipline, the study of geology requires the knowledge of terms not typically used in our everyday vocabulary. .���a 8��p�6r��u�H�;�D�(�3Dr�i'��zp�*lJ�� E�F*g�9�5t'��&���.K4�Aԋ]��@ֱ7�ȝށc�_)�ܹ�.�7�J. Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Igneous-- Said of a rock or mineral that solidified from molten or partly molten material, i.e. a striking erosional form on the land surface. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. Mindat.org Glossary of Mineralogical Terms. Desert -- A region with a mean annual precipitation of 10 inches or less, and so devoid of vegetation as to be incapable of supporting any considerable population. updating this glossary. Any of several hard, inert materials, such as sand, gravel, slag, or crushed stone, used for mixing with a cemeting or bituminous material to form concrete, mortar, or plater; or used alone, as in railroad ballast or graded fill. PSI, a Nonprofit Corporation 501(c)(3), and an Equal Opportunity/M/F/Vet/Disabled/Affirmative Action Employer.Corporate Headquarters: 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106 * Tucson, AZ 85719-2395 * 520-622-6300 * FAX: 520-622-8060Copyright © 2021 . Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. Geology - the study of the earth. Absolutely nessesary for any geologist, students in geology and any related specialist as well. Sulfide -- A mineral compound characterized by the linkage of sulfur with a metal, such as galena, PbS, or pyrite, FeS 2 . Crystal -- A homogenous, solid body of a chemical element, compound, or isomorphous mixture, having a regularly repeating atomic arrangement that may be outwardly expressed by plane faces. Canyons are characteristic of arid or semiarid regions where downcutting by streams greatly exceeds weathering. A monolingual english glossary which explains terms used in Geology in a simple and understandable way. Polymorph -- A crystal form of a substance that displays polymorphism. Selenite -- The clear, colorless variety of gypsum, occurring (esp. It is a high-pressure, extremely dense polymorph of quartz, produced under static conditions at pressures above about 100 kilobars and found naturally associated with coesite and only in shock-metamorphosed quartz-bearing rocks. endobj Glossary of Geology (Bates and Jackson, 1980, p. 401) defines a mineral as "a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and Coesite -- A monoclinic mineral, SiO 2 . Jump to: navigation, search. Delta -- The nearly flat alluvial tract of land at the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan-shaped plain resembling the greek letter "delta" in plan view. The distinction between glass and liquid is on the basis of viscosity. The Glossary of Geology (AGI, 1997) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Fault -- A fracture or a fracture zone along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture. Igneous rocks constitute one of the three main classes into which rocks are divided, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary. The Glossary of Geology, The American Geological Institute's (AGI) premiere geoscience resource publication, is now available online. It is a very dense polymorphic form of quartz that is stable at room temperatures only at pressures above 20,000 bars. Formation -- 1. It yields lime on calcination. Most meteorites are believed to be fragments of asteroids and to consist of primitive solid matter similar to that from which the Earth was originally formed. Updated November 2019 . Abrasion:. Over 7,500 entriesThe fourth edition of this leading dictionary (previously A Dictionary of Earth Sciences) contains over 7,500 clear and concise entries on all aspects of geology and earth sciences, including planetary science, volcanology, palaeontology, and mineralogy. Glossary of Geology-Julia A. Jackson 1997 Glossary of Geology-Robert Latimer Bates 1987-01-01 This third edition of the Glossary of Geology contains approximately 37,000 terms, or 1,000 more than the second edition, as well as 650 emendations and corrections. Mesa -- A flat-topped mountain or plateau bounded on at least one side by a steep cliff. 2. ��Pe�g�+�6Q�LB�\i�:-�R����tH����%(���R�Hȥ�#��bZ�H�~�(�7*P�P�?-�3~����pʃ���D+�jY,�,e����T�MıH�"���RGg/��X�'7d=��X�,JWˮ��RŲ����$*2�y/�x9zx�� V"Q���X��ͣU�l�T�O�2� ��0㲸�� Seafriends - Glossary of geological terms Ablation:. Includes almost every known term and includes all possible usages of these terms. Bedrock -- The solid rock that underlies gravel, soil, or other surficial material. <> %���� Mindat.org Glossary of Mineralogical Terms. Geology. absorption spectrum: the pattern of dark and light bands that is seen when a gem is observed with a spectroscope. The CJKI Glossary of Geology Terms, compiled by The CJK Dictionary Institute (CJKI) in Japan, is a comprehensive resource of English equivalents for Chinese Geology terminology, which provides translators with access to approximately 65,800 terms and their equivalents. Most asteroid orbits are between those of planets Mars and Jupiter. If you find this glossary useful and valuable, we encourage you to support one of the endowment funds, such as the Gibbs Fund for hydrogeologic research and education or the Oliver Lectureship Fund in Texas Hydrology and Water Resources, of the Geology Foundation that helps make this glossary and other such products possible. -Glossary of geology -Chronostratigraphy -Chronozone -Deep hot zone -Dip-slip fault -Discrete debris accumulation -Eonothem -Erathem -Friability -Stratigraphic unit -Geon (geology) -Glossary of meteoritics -Joint (geology) -Leaverite -Oblique-slip fault -Paralithic -Primary rock … Ablation - The loss of ice or snow from a glacier due to melting, evaporation, or wind erosion. Dictionary of Geological Terms - Only $19.99 All scientific disciplines have an essential vocabulary that students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively. a graywacke; also, said of the clasts of such a rock. 2. Carbonate -- A mineral compound characterized by a fundamental anionic structure of CO 3 -2 . Glossary of Terms. 4 0 obj Shale is well indurated, but not as hard as argillite or slate. A geology dictionary that is used regularly is one of the most important tools for developing professional competence. 1 0 obj "cherty formation". Glossary of geology terms. A body of rock strata that consists dominantly of a certain lithologic type or combination of types. ), American Geological Institute, 1984 . Clays may be classified by use, origin, mineral composition, or color. Joint -- A surface of fracture or parting in a rock, without displacement; the surface is often plane and may occur with parallel joints to form a joint set.. Limestone -- A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ), with or without magnesium carbonate. Biology refers to the science of living organisms. Broadly applied, any holocrystalline quartz-bearing plutonic rock. Obsidian -- A back or dark-colored volcanic glass, usually of rhyolitic composition, characterized by conchoidal fracture. More generally, solid fragmental material transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice, chemically precipitated from solution, or secreted by organisms, and that forms in layers in loose unconsolidated form such as sand, mud, or till. Quartz is most common gangue mineral of ore deposits, forms the major proportion of most sands, and has a widespread distribution in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Geology - the study of the earth. Toolbox for Research and Exploration (TREX). The most common cements are silica, carbonates, and iron oxides. These bands result from the absorption of certain wavelengths of white light passing through the stone. AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. <> Formations may be combined into groups or subdivided into members . endobj The definitions found in this glossary are from, "The Federal Glossary of Selected Terms: Subsurface-Water Flow and Solute Transport": Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination, August 1989. 3 0 obj A lithologically distinct, mappable body of igneous or metamorphic rock. Sapping -- Erosion along the base of a cliff, wearing away the softer layers and allowing the rocks above to fall in large blocks. Comets are thought to consist chiefly of ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, and water. Deformation -- A general term for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as a result of various earth forces. Metamorphic -- Pertaining to the process of metamorphism or to its results. Fine-grained -- Said of a sedimentary rock, and of its texture, in which the particles have an average diameter less than 1/16 mm (62 microns, or silt size and smaller). Stishovite -- A tetragonal mineral, SiO 2 . A It is a type of basaltic lava that has a high speed of flowing and cools down to form rough and scraggy-surfaced igneous rocks. endobj Silica -- Silicon dioxide, SiO 2 . This is approximately the upper limit of size of particle that can show colloidal properties. It is the fundamental lithostratigraphic unit. From The Gemology Project. The sand particles usually consist of quartz, and the term "sandstone" when used without qualification, indicates a rock containing about 85-90% quartz. The definitions are largely based on input from: • ISRM Terminology (1975) • Handbook in Engineering geology and rock mechanics, issued by the … It closely resembles a tuff breccia or pumiceous tuff but is of non-volcanic orgin and can be distinguished by the presence of shock-metamorphic effects. Ҩ̞B[�)[��`$�l�ʢ4f��#)%M����,ɢ8?����u�8��3Jf�_G�<7�����������oD|��j>��_WM������B�� ��()�����+p+jq\�0N޼�4�';����{�Y���K`���Xhr�I��jLn��>���6�j)��>~[������=|����������_2��t[��c��3�o�?� ���{�M��/����g6�­��8�lx�j ���y�)���P�N�j�S���J�A`وY��! Angular -- Having sharp angles or borders. A geology dictionary that is used regularly is one of the most important tools for developing professional competence. Glossary of soil terms Absorption: Uptake of matter or energy by a substance Acid soil: Soil with a pH value less than 7.0. All scientific disciplines have an essential vocabulary that students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively. Acidification can be accelerated by human activities (use of fertilisers, deposition of They are believed to be of extraterrestrial origin or alternatively the product of large hypervelocity meteorite impacts on terrestrial rocks. Pyroclastic -- Pertaining to clastic rock material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent. The term is used in a relative sense, and various size limits have been utilized. This type of crater has an uplift that forms in the center due to the earth rebounding from the impact event. For water resources information please visit our Oregon Water Science Center Home Page or Oregon Water Science Center Hydrologic Studies Page.. PhysicalGeography.net | GLOSSARY OF TERMS HOME. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries of terms used in the earth and environmental science literature. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. Compre o livro Glossary of Geological and other Scientific terms used in Principles of Geology na Amazon.com.br: confira as ofertas para livros em inglês e importados Glossary of Geology. This list may not reflect recent changes. Glossary of Geological Terms - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. FUNDAMENTALS eBOOK Tectonic -- Pertaining to the forces involved in, or the resulting structures of, tectonics. 6. Four kinds may be distinguished: (1) polar deserts, marked by perpetual snow cover and intense cold; (2) middle-latitude deserts, in the basinlike interiors of the continents, such as the Gobi, characterized by scant rainfall and high summer temperatures; (3) trade-wind deserts, notably the Sahara, with negligible precipitation and large daily temperature range; (4) coastal deserts, as in Peru, where there is a cold current on the western coast of a large land mass. Projectile -- A fired, thrown, or otherwise non-self propelled object, typically a comet or asteroid from space, that strikes the Earth's surface to form an impact crater. Jump to: navigation, search. Glacier -- A large mass of ice formed on land by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, creeping downslope or outward due to the stress of its own weight, and surviving from year to year. 2) A popular term for detrital sediment along streams or beaches, composed cheifly of pebbles and sand. Dune -- A mound, ridge, or hill of wind-blown sand, either bare or covered with vegetation. You can search for an entry using this form: Permission was granted (letters dated 9/11/85 and 9/22/93) to the USDA-Natural Resource Granite -- A plutonic rock in which quartz makes up 10 to 50 percent of the felsic components and the alkali feldspar/total feldspar ratio is 65 to 90 percent. Hydrothermal -- Of or pertaining to hot water, to the action of hot water, or to the products of this action, such as a mineral deposit precipitated from a hot aqueous solution; also said to be the solution itself. Long considered the … Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. The Glossary has expanded coverage particularly in such active fields as carbonate sedimentology, environmental geology and geophysics, GIS, GPS, hydrology and hydraulics, marine and coastal geology, organic geochemistry, paleoecology, seismology, stratigraphic nomenclature, speleology and karst, and structural geology and tectonics. All Rights Reserved. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. Metamorphism -- The mineralogical, chemical, and structural adjustment of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions imposed at depth below the surface zones of weathering and cementation, which differ from the conditions under which the rocks originated. Any of several hard, inert materials, such as sand, gravel, slag, or crushed stone, used for mixing with a cemeting or bituminous material to form concrete, mortar, or plater; or used alone, as in railroad ballast or graded fill. Slickenside -- A polished or striated rock surface that results from friction along a fault plane. Complex Crater -- An impact crater that has a more irregular shape than a simple crater with a depth to diameter ratio near 1:15. Pumice -- A light-colored cellular glassy rock commonly having the composition of rhyolite. Proximal -- 1. A * Abyssal plain - Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. Shatter Cone -- A distinctively striated conical fragment of rock along which fracturing has occurred, ranging in length from less than a centimeter to several meters, generally found in nested or composite groups in the rocks of crypto-explosion structures, and generally believed to have been formed by shock waves generated by meteorite impact.

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